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- American History
- The League of Nations and It's Impact on World Peace
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- Through my studies and research I have come to the
- following conclusion about the League of Nations: despite
- all of President Woodrow Wilson's efforts, the League was
- doomed to fail. I feel this was so for many reasons, some
- of which I hope to convey in the following report. From the
- day when Congress voted on the Fourteen Points, it was
- obvious that the League had a very slim chance of being
- passed in Congress, and without all of the World powers, the
- League had little chance of surviving.
- On November 11, 1918 an armistice was declared in
- Europe. Wilson saw the opportunity to form an international
- organization of peace to be formed. He acted quickly. On
- January 18, 1919 he released his fourteen points. The
- Fourteen Points consisted of many things, but the most
- important was the fourteenth-the establishment of a league
- of nations to settle international disputes and to keep the
- peace. After congress had voted, only three of Wilson's
- fourteen points were accepted without compromise. Six of
- the others were rejected all together. Fortunately the
- League was compromised.
- Wilson then went to Europe to discuss the Treaty of
- Versailles. Representatives from Italy, France, and Britain
- didn't want to work with the nations they had defeated.
- They wanted to hurt them. After much fighting and
- negotiating, Wilson managed to convince them that a league
- of nations was not only feasible, it was necessary.
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- The Senate supported most of the Treaty of Versailles
- but not the League. They thought it would make the U.S.A.
- too involved in foreign affairs. Wilson saw that the League
- may not make it through Congress, so he went on the road and
- gave speeches to sway the public opinion. Unfortunately,
- Wilson's health, which was already depleted from the
- negotiations in France, continued to recede. Wilson's battle
- with his health reached its climax when Wilson had a stroke
- on his train between speeches.
- After Wison's stroke, support of the League weakened,
- both in Congress and in the public's opinion. In 1920 G.
- Harding, who opposed the League, was elected as president.
- The League formed but the U.S. never joined.
- The first meeting of the League was held in Geneva,
- Switzerland on November 15, 1920 with fourty two nations
- represented. During twenty-six years the League lived, a
- total of sixty-three nations were represented at one time or
- another. Thirty-one nations were represented all twenty-six
- years.
- The League had an assembly, a council, and a
- secretariat. Before World War II, the assembly convened
- regularly at Geneva in September. There were three
- representatives for every member state each state having one
- vote. The council met at least three times a year to
- consider political disputes and reduction of armaments.
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- The council had several permanent members, France,
- Great Britan, Italy, Japan, and later Germany and the Soviet
- Union. It also had several nonpermanent members which were
- elected by the assembly. The council's decisions had to be
- unanimous.
- The secretariat was the administrative branch of the
- League and consisted of a secretary, general, and a staff of
- five hundred people. Several other organizations were
- associated with the League- the Permanent Court of
- International Justice, also called the World Court, and the
- International Labor Organization.
- One important activity of the League was the
- disposition of certain territories that had been colonies of
- Germany and Turkey before World War I. Territories were
- awarded to the League members in the form of mandates. The
- mandated territories were given different degrees of
- independence in accordance with their geographic situation,
- their stage of development, and their economic status.
- The League, unfortunately, rarely implemented its
- available resources, limited through the were, to achieve
- their goal, to end war. The League can be credited with
- certain social achievements. these achievements include
- settlement of disputes between Finland and Sweden over the
- Aland Islands in 1921 and between Greece and Bulgaria over
- their mutual border in 1925.
- Great powers preferred to handle their affairs on their
- own; French occupation of the Ruhr and Italian occupation of
- Corfu, both in 1923, went on in spite of the League. The
- League failed to end the war between Bolivia and Paraguary
- over the Gand Chaco between 1932 and 1935. The League also
- failed to stop Italy's invasion of Ethiopia, which began in
- 1935.
- Although Germany joined in 1926, the National Socialist
- government withdrew in 1933 as did Japan, after their
- attacks on China were condemned by the League. The League
- was now powerless to prevent the events in Europe that lead
- to World War 2. In 1940 the secretariat in Geneva was
- reduced to a skeleton staff and moved to the U.S. and
- Canada.
- In 1946 the League voted to effect its own dissolution,
- whereupon much of its property and organization were
- transferred to the United Nations which had resently been
- founded. Never truly effective as a peace keeping
- organization, the lasting importance of the League of
- Nations lies in the fact that it provided the groundwork for
- the United Nations. This international alliance, formed
- after World War 2, not only profited by the mistakes of the
- League but borrowed much of the organizational machinics of
- the League of Nations.
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- The League of Nations and its impact on world peace
- John James
- Mrs. Hippe
- History
- March 7, 1996
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- Bibliography:
- Mothner, Ira. Woodrow Wilson, Champion of Peace. New York
- Watts Inc., 1969
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- Mason, Lorna; Garcia, Jesus; Powell, Frances; Risinger,
- Fredrick. America's Past and Promise. Boston
- McDougal Littell, 1995
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- Albright, Madeleine. "America and the League of Nations,
- Lessons for Today" Speech
- United States Department of State 1994
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- McNally, Rand. Atlas of World History. New York
- Reed International Books Limited, 1992
- Microsoft. "The League of Nations."
- Excarta 95. 1995
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